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cat3224 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. 1 doc. no. md-5043, rev. a characteristics subject to change without notice 4 amp supercapacitor flash led driver features ? 2 channels at 2a each in flash mode ? 2 channels at 200ma each in torch mode ? adjustable charge current limit up to 1000ma ? flash/torch current separate adjustment ? dual-mode 1x/2x charge pump ? dual cell supercapacitor balancing ? flash safety timer and ready flag ? supercapacitor continuous charging ? shutdown cap leakage 3a ? ?zero? current shutdown mode ? 80a standby current (i vin ) ? over-voltage, over-current limiting ? thermal shutdown protection ? small 3mm x 3mm, 16-pad tqfn package application ? high power led flash ? systems with high peak loads ordering information part number package package marking CAT3224HV3-GT2 tqfn-16 3 x 3mm (1) jaat note: (1) nipdau plated finish (rohs-compliant) description the cat3224 is a very high- current integrated flash led driver which also supports the charging function for a dual-cell supercapacitor applications. ideal for li-ion battery-powered systems, it delivers up to 4a led flash pulses, far beyond the peak current capability of the battery. dual-mode 1x/2x charge pump charges the stacked supercapacitor to a nominal voltage of 5.4v, while an active balance control circuit ensures that both capacitor cell voltages remain matched. the nominal charging current to be drawn from the battery is set by an external resistor tied to the rc pin. the driver also features two matched current sources. external resistors provid e the adjustment for the maximum flash mode current (up to 4a) and the torch mode current (up to 400ma). a built-in safety timer automatically terminates the flash pulse beyond a maximum duration of 300ms. in addition to thermal shutdown and overvoltage protection, the device is fully protected against external resistor programming faults and fully supports reverse output voltage for all conditions. the device is packaged in the tiny 16-pad tqfn 3mm x 3mm package with a max height of 0.8mm. pin configuration tqfn 16-pad (top view) gnd cn cp vin 16 15 14 13 rf 1 12 rt bal 2 11 rc cap 3 10 leda cap 4 9 ledb 5 6 7 8 chrg flash torch flag typical application circuit
cat3224 doc. no. md-5043, rev. error! reference source not found. 2 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. characteristics subject to change without notice absolute maximum ratings parameter rating unit vin, rc, rf, rt voltage gnd-0.3 to 6 v cap, cp, cn voltage gnd-0.3 to 7 v chrg, flash, torch, flag voltage (1) gnd-0.3 to 6 v bal, leda, ledb gnd-0.3 to cap+0.3 v storage temperature range -65 to +160 c junction temperature range -40 to +150 c lead temperature 300 c esd rating hbm (human body model) 2000 v esd rating mm (machine model) 200 v recommended operating conditions parameter rating unit vin 2.0 to 5.5 v ambient temperature range -40 to +85 c leda, ledb current (in flash mode) up to 2 a leda, ledb current (in torch mode) 10 to 200 ma input current limit up to 1 a flag pull-up resistor current 0 to 10 ma led forward voltage range (vf) 1.3 to 4.2 v package thermal impedance parameter range unit tqfn 3mmx3mm 16-lead ja 0f (2) 42 c/w package transient thermal impedance parameter range unit tqfn 3mm x 3mm 16-lead transient theta ja 1f (3) (100ms pulse) 7 c/w notes: (1) pins can be driven above vin with no leakage current or change in operation. (2) ja (junction to ambient thermal resistance) is calculated with 2 square inches of copper connected to package exposed pad. (3) transient ja is calculated for a 100ms pulse at 5 watts with 2 square inches of copper connected package exposed pad.
cat3224 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. 3 doc. no. md-5043 rev. a characteristics subject to change without notice electrical operating characteristics v in = 3.6v, en = 1.3v, t amb = 25 c unless otherwise stated. symbol name conditions min typ max units cap charged & idle 80 a i qvin quiescent current on vin pin (i in ? 2 x i out ) cap charging 2x mode 6 ma cap charged & idle 10 a shutdown mode 3 a i qcap quiescent current on cap pin shutdown, vin = 0v 3 a i qshdn shutdown current chrg=flash=torch=0v 1 a g flash flash gain (i flash / i rf ) i flash = 2a 900 g torch torch gain (i torch / i rt ) i torch = 200ma 120 g charge input current limit gain (i chrg / i rc ) i charge = 400ma 400 v rx rset regulated voltage (v rf v rt v rc ) i rx = 0.1ma 0.59 0.6 0.61 v i rx_max rset current limit (i rf i rt i rc ) v rx = 0v 3.5 ma i in_max input current limit in charge mode v rc = 0v 1.4 a v c_off cap charge off voltage r c = 2k ? 5.4 v v c_hyst cap charge hysteresis 0.2 v v f_on cap voltage flag pulled low 5.2 v v f_hyst cap voltage flag hysteresis 0.2 v r ledab leda/b combined dropout resistance i flashab = 4a 110 m ? 1x mode 2 ? r cp charge mode resistance 2x mode, v in = 3.5v 4 ? f osc charge pump frequency 800 khz t flash flash timeout duration 300 ms v flag flag low voltage threshold (open drain) flag driven low 100ua pull-up 0.2 v r en v ehi v elo chrg, flash, torch pin ? internal pull-down resistor ? logic high level ? logic low level 1.3 150 0.4 k ? v v v bal active balance control (vcap / 2) 5ma load on bal -2 +2 % t sd thermal shutdown 150 c t hys thermal hysteresis 20 c v uvlo undervoltage lockout (uvlo) threshold 1.9 v
cat3224 doc. no. md-5043, rev. a. 4 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. characteristics subject to change without notice cap voltage and flag output the timing diagram in figure 1 shows the cap output voltage and the flag output in charge mode (with chrg input high). figure 1. supercapacitor charge timing diagram
cat3224 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. 5 doc. no. md-5043 rev. a characteristics subject to change without notice typical characteristics vin = 3.6v, c = 0.55f, t amb = 25oc, typical application circ uit unless otherwise specified. idle quiescent current vs. input voltage 60 70 80 90 100 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 input voltage [v] i qvin [ a] charge current vs. r c 0.1 1.0 0.1 1 10 r c [k ? ] i charge [a] flash led current vs. r f 0.1 1.0 10.0 0.1 1 10 r f [k ? ] i flash [a] torch led current vs. r t 10 100 1000 0.1110 r t [k ? ] i torch [ma] flag r dson vs. input voltage 0 5 10 15 20 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 input voltage [v] r dson [ ? ]
cat3224 doc. no. md-5043, rev. a. 6 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. characteristics subject to change without notice typical characteristics vin = 3.6v, c = 0.55f, t amb = 25oc, typical application circ uit unless otherwise specified. v rf vs. i flash 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 i flash [a] v rf [mv] v rc vs. i charge 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 0.00.20.40.60.81.0 i charge [a] v rc [mv] v rt vs. i torch 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 0 50 100 150 200 i torch [ma] v rt [mv] v cap idle vs. r c 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 r c [k ? ] v c_off [v] torch output current vs. v cap 0 100 200 300 400 500 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 v cap [v] i out [ma] vled = 2.9v
cat3224 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. 7 doc. no. md-5043 rev. a characteristics subject to change without notice typical characteristics vin = 3.6v, c = 0.55f, t amb = 25oc, typical application circ uit unless otherwise specified. charge cycle, 1a input current charge cycle, 500ma input current charge cycle, 300ma input current flash transient response charge cycle with flag
cat3224 doc. no. md-5043, rev. a. 8 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. characteristics subject to change without notice pin description pin # name function 1 rf flash current setting resistor terminal 2 bal active supercapacitor balance control 3, 4 cap supercapacitor positive connection 5 chrg charge supercapacitor enable 6 flash flash enable 7 torch torch enable 8 flag flash ready flag output, open drain (active low) 9 ledb led b channel anode (+) connection 10 leda led a channel anode (+) connection 11 rc charge current setting resistor terminal 12 rt torch current setting resistor terminal 13 vin positive supply connection to battery 14 cp bucket capacitor positive terminal 15 cn bucket capacitor negative terminal 16 gnd device ground connection tab tab connect to gnd on the pcb pin function vin is the supply pin for the device and for the supercapacitor charger circuit. a small 1 f ceramic bypass capacitor is requir ed between the vin pin and ground near the device. gnd is the ground reference for the charge pump. this pin must be connected to the ground plane on the pcb. tab is the exposed pad underneath the package. for best thermal performance, the tab should be soldered to the pcb and connected to the ground plane. cap is the positive connecti on to the supercapacitor. current sinks or sources from this pin to the capacitor depending on the mode of operation. cp, cn pins are connected to each side of the ceramic bucket capacitor used in the 2x charge pump mode. leda, ledb are connected internally to the current sources and must be connected to the led anodes. each output is independently current regulated. these pins enter a high-impedance ?zero? current state whenever the device is placed in shutdown mode or flash and torch are low. bal is connected to the center-point between the two supercapacitor cells. an ac tive circuit forces the bal pin to remain at half of the voltage of the cap output. rf is connected to a resistor (r f ) to set the current in the led channels in flash mode. the voltage on the pin is regulated to 0.6v in flash mode (flash high). rt is connected to a resistor (r t ) to set the current in the led channels in torch mode. the voltage on the pin is regulated to 0.6v in torch mode (torch high). rc is connected to a resistor (r c ) to set the current limit on vin when charging the supercapacitor. the voltage on the pin is regulated to 0.6v in charge mode (chrg high). chrg is the charge mode enable pin. when high, the 1x/2x charge pump is enabled and allows to charge the supercapacitor and monitors its voltage. flash is the flash mode enable pin. when high, the led current sources are enabled in flash mode. if flash is kept high for longer then 300ms typical, the led channels are automatically disabled. torch is the torch mode enable pin. when high, the led current sour ces are enabled in torch mode. flag is an active-low open-drain output that notify to the microcontroller that the superc apacitor is fully charged by pulling the output low. when using the flag, this pin should be connected to a positive rail via an external pull-up resistor.
cat3224 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. 9 doc. no. md-5043 rev. a. characteristics subject to change without notice block diagram figure 2. functional block diagram basic operation the cat3224 integrates in a single device two main functions: a dual cell supercapacitor charger and an led driver. two led channels provide accurately regulated and matched current up to 2a per channel. the charging mode is activated when the chrg control input is pulled high and can remain active even during torch or flash mode. this allows continuous torch mode operation. the two modes, torch and flash, are activated using separate control inputs repectively torch and flash. charge mode when the chrg input is set high, the driver is in charge mode and the input supply current cannot exceed the current limit se t by an external resistor connected between the rc pin and ground. the charging current limit is calculated by the following equation (approximation). c c rc rc in r v 6 . 0 400 r v 400 i 400 i = = if the cap output voltage is lower than the charge threshold, the charging cycle starts. the driver charge pump initially starts in 1x mode and remains there as long as the supply voltage vin is high enough to drive the cap output voltage directly. in 1x mode, the output curr ent charging the superca- pacitor is approximately equal to the input current. the driver enters the 2x charge pump mode when the cap pin voltage approaches vin (v cap vin ? 0.3v). in 2x mode, the output current is approximately half of the input current. the charge cycle stops when either the chrg input is pulled low or when the cap output reaches the ?cap charge off voltage? threshold. as soon as the cap output reaches the ?cap voltage flag pulled low? threshold, the flag output is pulled low. there is an hysteresis on the flag out put which is illustrated in the timing diagram on figure 1. the charge time is a function of the input voltage, input current setting, superca pacitor value, final cap voltage. the rc pin has a current limit of 3.5ma typical. if the rc pin is shorted to ground, the maximum charge current is 400 x 3.5 ma or 1.4a.
cat3224 doc. no. md-5043, rev. a. 10 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. characteristics subject to change without notice torch mode the torch mode allows the leds to run for extended time duration but at a lower current than in the flash mode. when the torch input is set high, the driver is in torch mode and the led channel current is set according to the external resistor connected between the rt pin and ground. the torsh mode led current per channel follows the equation: t t rt rt torch r v 6 . 0 120 r v 120 i 120 i = = how long the led current is regulated depends on the initial cap voltage, capacitor value, the charge current, led forward voltage and the led torch current setting. in order to maintain regulation in 2x mode, the torch output current should be less than half the charging current. if the requested torch current is greater than half the input current, the leds will dim progressively according to the input current. flash mode when the flash input is set high, the driver is in flash mode and the led channel current is set according to the external resistor connected between the rf pin and ground. the flash mode led channel current can be calculated by the following equation (approximation). f f rf rf flash r v 6 . 0 900 r v 900 i 900 i = = table 1 shows some standard resistor values for r f and the corresponding led channel current. table 1. rset resistor settings led current per channel [a] r f [ ? ] 1 549 1.5 360 2 261 the maximum flash duration where the led current is regulated depends on the initial cap voltage, capacitor value, led forward voltage and the led flash current setting. the flash pulse duration can be calculated as follows. flash cap flash i v c t = where c is the total supercapacitor value, v cap is the drop in the cap voltage during the flash. see the capacitor selection section for more details. the rf pin has a current limit of 3.5ma typical. if the rf pin is shorted to ground, the maximum flash led current is 1000 x 3.5ma or 3.5a. during flash mode, the leds stay in regulation as long as their forward voltage does not exceed a maximum voltage calculated as follows: () ledab esr cap out cap max f r r i v v + ? = ? where i out is the cap total output current, r cap-esr is the supercapacitor esr (equivalent series resistance), and r ledab is the leda/b combined dropout resistance of the cat3224. the transient waveform in figure 3 shows the cap output voltage during a 4a flash pulse (2a per led channel) with chrg low (not in charge mode). the initial drop on the cap voltage (vesr) is due to the supercapacitor esr. in this example, it is calculated as follows. vesr = 2 x i led x r cap-esr = 2x 2a x 0.1 = 0.4v figure 3. cap output transient during 4a flash flash rate between two consecutive flash pulses, the superca- pacitor needs some time to recharge. the superca- pacitor time needed to fully recharge after a flash pulse is a function of the flash current and duration, and the charging current. assuming the driver is in 2x mode, the charging time is calculated as follows. flash in out charge t i i 2 t = where i out is the total led current, t flash is the flash duration and i in is the input current. for example, a 60ms 4a flash pulse with a charge current of 300ma corresponds to a recharge time: s 6 . 1 s 06 . 0 a 3 . 0 a 4 2 t charge = =
cat3224 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. 11 doc. no. md-5043, rev. a. characteristics subject to change without notice capacitor selection the supercapacitor size depends on the flash requirement including flash duration, led current and led forward voltage. the minimum supercapa- citor value is calculated as follows. () f ledab esr cap out cap flash out v r r i v t i c ? + ? = ? where v cap is the initial cap voltage (5.2v typical), and v f is the led forward voltage. any interconnection parasitic resistance is assumed negligible in the calculation. for example, for a 4a flash with 0.1s duration and 3.1v led v f , the minimum capacitor value is: () f 3 . 0 v 1 . 3 0.1 ? ? 1 . 0 a 4 v 2 . 5 s 1 . 0 a 4 c ? ? + ? = to support 4a flash pulses, we recommend using the 0.55f supercapacitor hs206f from cap-xx with a voltage rating of 5.5v and a low esr of 85m . in addition to the supercapacitor, a small 1 f ceramic capacitor is recommended on the cap output in order to filter out the charge pump switching noise due to the esr of the supercapacitor. if a single cell supercapacitor is used, it is recommended to connect a small 1 f ceramic capacitor between the bal pin and gnd. this will prevent any oscillation on the bal pin and keep the quiescent current low. thermal dissipation thermal dissipation occurs in the cat3224 device due to the high current flowing in charge mode, as well as in torch or flash mode. during charge mode, in case the input voltage is high and the driver operates in 2x charge pump mode, the power dissipation may increase significantly. in torch and flash modes, the power dissipation is proportional to the difference between the cap and leda/b pin voltages. if the junction temperature exceeds 150oc typical, the device goes into thermal shutdown mode and resumes normal operation as soon as the temperature drops by about 20oc. to improve the thermal performance, the tqfn exposed pad should be connected to the pcb ground plane underneath. recommended layout the ground side of the three current setting resistors, r c , r t , r f , should be star connected back to the gnd of the pcb. in charge pump mode, the driver switches internally at a high frequency. therfore it is recommended to minimize trace length to all four capacitors. a ground plane should cover the area under the driver ic as well as the bypass capacitors. short connection to ground on capacitors c in and c out can be implemented with the use of multiple via. a copper area matching the tqfn exposed pad (tab) must be connected to the ground plane underneath with a via. in order to minimize the ir drop in flash mode, the traces between the supercapacitor and the cap pins, and between leda/ledb pins and the led(s) shout be kept as short as possible and wide enough to handle the high current peaks. the supercapacitor negative terminal and the led cathodes need to be connected to the ground plane directly.
cat3224 doc. no. md-5043, rev. a. 12 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. characteristics subject to change without notice package outline drawing tqfn 16-pad 3mm x 3mm (hv3) (1)(2) notes: (1) all dimensions are in millimeters, angles in degrees. (2) complies with jedec standard mo-220. for current tape and reel information, download the pdf file from: http://www.catsemi.com/documents/tapeandreel.pdf. e2 a3 eb a a1 side view top view bottom view e d pin#1 index area pin#1 id front view a1 a l d2 symbol min nom max a 0.70 0.75 0.80 a1 0.00 0.02 0.05 a3 0.20 ref b 0.18 0.25 0.30 d 2.90 3.00 3.10 d2 1.40 ? 1.80 e 2.90 3.00 3.10 e2 1.40 ? 1.80 e 0.50 bsc l 0.30 0.40 0.50
cat3224 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. 13 doc. no. md-5043, rev. a. characteristics subject to change without notice example of ordering information 1 notes: (1) all packages are rohs-compliant (lead-free, halogen-free). (2) the standard lead finish is nipdau. (3) the device used in the above example is a cat3224hv3?gt2 (tqfn, tape & reel). (4) for additional package and temperatur e options, please contact your neares t on semiconductor sales office. optional company id package hv3: tqfn prefix device # suffix cat 3224 hv3 ? g t2 product number tape & reel t: tape & reel 2: 2,000/reel
cat3224 on semiconductor and are registered trademarks of semiconductor components industries, llc (scillc). scillc reserves the right to make changes with out further notice to any products herein. scillc make s no warranty, representa tion or guarantee regarding the suit ability of its products for any pa rticular purpose, nor does scillc assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including wi thout limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. ?typical? parameters which may be provided in scillc data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different application s and actual performance may vary over time. all operating parameters, including ?typicals? must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. sci llc does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. scillc products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the scillc product could create a sit uation where personal injury or death may occur. should buyer purchase or use scillc products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, buyer shall indemnify and hold scillc and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly o r indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that scillc was negligent regarding the design or manufact ure of the part. scillc is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. this literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. publication ordering information literature fulfillment: literature distribution ce nter for on semiconductor p.o. box 5163, denver, colorado 80217 usa phone: 303-675-2175 or 800-344-3860 toll free usa/canada fax: 303-675-2176 or 800-344-3867 toll free usa/canada email: orderlit@onsemi.com n. american technical support : 800-282-9855 toll free usa/canada europe, middle east and africa technical support: phone: 421 33 790 2910 japan customer focus center: phone: 81-3-5773-3850 on semiconductor website: www.onsemi.com order literature: http://www.onsemi.com/orderlit for additional information, please contact your local sales representative doc. no. md-5043, rev. a 14 ? 2009 scillc. all rights reserved. characteristics subject to change without notice revision history date revision description 09-jan-2009 a initial release

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